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外阴癌的病因尚未完全明确。目前认为人乳头状瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染是其发病的主要原因,但HPV阴性的外阴癌与外阴上皮内非瘤样病变有关,性传播疾病、单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus,HSV)Ⅱ、吸烟、酗酒、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、性生活早、社会地位低可能是外阴癌发生的风险因素。外阴癌的发生、发展是一个多因素、多基因、多步骤的复杂过程,其中癌基因的过度表达或者抑癌基因的灭活与突变是细胞发生癌变的分子基础。
The cause of vulvar cancer is not yet fully understood. Currently, it is thought that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the main cause of this disease. However, HPV-negative vulvar cancer is associated with non-tumorous lesions in vulvar epithelium. Sexually transmitted diseases, herpes simplex virus HSV) Ⅱ. Smoking, alcoholism, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, early sexual life and low social status may be the risk factors of vulvar cancer. The occurrence and development of vulvar cancer is a complex process involving multiple factors, multiple genes and multiple steps. Overexpression of oncogenes or inactivation and mutation of tumor suppressor genes are the molecular basis of canceration of cells.