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人的主体性思想是随着欧洲人从基督教统治下的中世纪长期冬眠中的觉醒,伴随着文艺复兴以来的两大发现,即自然的发现和人的发现,而在哲学理论中凸现和突兀出来。西方近代哲学家笛卡尔、康德、黑格尔、费希特等对人的主体性的论述各有千秋。本文重点从人与自然、人与社会、人与人的现实关系等方面分析了人类面临的主体性困惑-反主体性效应,论证了要走出困境,实现人-自然-社会系统协调发展,使自然和社会朝着有利于人的全面、自由的方向发展,就必须正确认识和实践人的主体性,发展建设性的主体性。
The subjective thought of man follows the long awakening of the Middle Ages under the Christian rule from the Christian Christians. With the two discoveries since the Renaissance, that is, the discovery of nature and the discovery of man, the subjectivity of man is highlighted and abrupt in philosophy . Western modern philosophers Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Fichte and other subjectivity of human discourse have their advantages and disadvantages. This article focuses on analyzing the subjectivity confrontation-anti-subjectivity that mankind is facing from the aspects of the relationship between man and nature, man and society, and between man and man, and demonstrates that we should walk out of the plight and realize the coordinated development of man, of nature and of the social system. If nature and society develop in a direction that is favorable to people’s all-roundness and freedom, we must correctly understand and practice human’s subjectivity and develop constructive subjectivity.