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基于不同的理论基础,同时受国家财力或其他国情因素的影响,各国关于刑事被害人国家救济的对象、范围、方式、期限、执行机关等程序规定存在着明显的差异。但作为一种法律程序,被害人的救济程序应当符合程序正义的评判标准,并应接受相关的国际人权文件的约束,而这些标准构成了各国立法所共同遵循的客观规律和一般原理。本文在考察美国、英国、日本、德国、法国、加拿大等国家刑事被害人救济制度的基础上,对法治国家在被害人救济程序上的共同特征略陈浅见。
Based on different theoretical foundations and under the influence of national financial resources or other national conditions, there are obvious differences in the procedures, targets, scopes, modes, deadlines and implementing agencies of the state remedies for criminal victims in various countries. However, as a legal procedure, the victim’s remedy procedure should meet the criteria of procedural justice and be subject to the relevant international human rights documents, which constitute the objective laws and general principles common to all national legislations. Based on the investigation of the relief system of criminal victims in the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Canada and other countries, this article makes a brief comment on the common features of the state-ruled countries in the procedure of victim assistance.