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肠道微生物群被认为是维持人类宿主健康状态的基石，因为它不仅有助于从摄入的食物中获取营养和能量，还可以通过产生的代谢物调节宿主的能量代谢，对多种代谢性疾病的发生发展起到作用。近年来，糖尿病的治疗也随着科学技术的发展逐步推进，安全有效的降糖药物不断涌现，国内已上市了包括磺脲类、双胍类、格列奈类、糖苷酶抑制剂、二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂、胰高糖素样肽-1受体激动剂、钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂和各种胰岛素类似物等在内的多种降糖药物。大量研究证明，肠道菌群可能为降糖药物控制血糖的作用靶点之一。该文针对目前降糖药物对肠道菌群的构成及其营养、能量代谢调节的影响进行综述，为未来新型降糖药物的机制研究及作用靶点提供参考。“,”Gut microbiota is considered as the cornerstone of maintaining the health of human host, because it not only helps to obtain nutrition and energy from the food, but also regulates the energy metabolism through the metabolites produced, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, hypoglycemic treatment has been gradually promoted, safer and more efficient hypoglycemic drugs have been emerging, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, glinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ inhibitors, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and various types of insulin preparations. A large number of studies have proved that intestinal flora may be one of the targets for hypoglycemic drugs to control blood glucose. In this article, we aim to review the effects of hypoglycemic drugs on the composition of intestinal flora and the regulation of nutrition and energy metabolism, and provide reference for future researches on mechanism and target of new antidiabetic drugs.