若从材料处理的观点来看,民族学研究的过程可由图一表现出来。首先请看由实线所表示的部分:以田野(F)为出发点,根据通过调查和搜集所获得的资料(D),导出有关人类生活的某些记述或者命题(R)。至于所得到的命题是否与资料相矛盾,则有必要在一个反馈过程中,进一步确认它与田野中的实际事实是否符合。在这个研究的流程中,可以有两种类型的工具,分别在图一中T_1和T_2所标出的部分使用。T_1 From the material handling point of view, the process of ethnographic research can be shown in Figure 1. First, let’s look at the part shown by the solid line: Based on field (F), we derive some of the narratives or propositions (R) about human life based on the information (D) obtained through investigation and collection. As to whether the proposition obtained contradicts the information, it is necessary to further confirm, in a feedback process, whether it matches the actual facts in the field. In the research flow, there are two types of tools that can be used in the parts labeled T_1 and T_2 in Figure 1 respectively. T_1