目的探讨术前放疗对直肠癌患者术后病理及临床疗效的影响。方法 96例T3或T4直肠癌患者随机分为两组:A组53例,术前采用常规放疗,休息2周后手术;B组43例,直接手术。比较两组临床疗效。结果 A组术前放疗后肿块大小明显降低(P<0.05),降期率达79.25%(42/53),病理学改变率75.47%(40/53),手术切除率明显提高(P<0.05),局部复发率有所下降(P<0.05)。结论术前放疗可使直肠癌瘤体缩小,肿瘤细胞退变,同时可以提高切除率,降低局部复发率。 Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative radiotherapy on postoperative pathology and clinical curative effect of patients with rectal cancer. Methods Ninety-six patients with T3 or T4 rectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n = 53), conventional radiotherapy before operation and operation two weeks after rest; group B (n = 43) undergoing direct surgery. The clinical efficacy of the two groups were compared. Results The size of tumor in group A was significantly decreased after radiotherapy (P <0.05), the rate of reduction was 79.25% (42/53) and the rate of pathological changes was 75.47% (40/53) ), Local recurrence rate decreased (P <0.05). Conclusion Preoperative radiotherapy can reduce the size of rectal cancer, tumor cell degeneration, and can improve the resection rate and reduce the local recurrence rate.