Electrode materials are key components of lithium ion bat-teries that dominate the upper-limit of batteries' performance and its scope of applications.To date,anode materials are mainly modified natural graphite and artificial graphite.Nanosized silicon-carbon composites start to be used re-cently in anode mixed with graphite in a weight ratio less than 10％.Energy density of Li-ion battery is increased up to 300 Wh/kg in a cell level accordingly.Li-ion batteries are still remaining two challenges,including poor charging rate and safety hazards [1].To simultaneously offer a high ca-pacity and high rate with robust cycling performances,the electrode material has to be capable of up-taking lithium ions at low weight and/or volume,to conduct both the lithium ions and electrons efficiently,and to withstand the parasitic reactions and structure evolution upon charge-discharge cycling.Black phosphorus (BP),a phosphorus allotrope with two-dimensional layered structures [2],is a semiconductor and a fast ion conductor with high theoretical lithium storage capacity,and thus has been expected as a promising choice for high capacity and high rate anode materials [3],but the performance achieved to date is far from its potential.