应力腐蚀破裂和局部腐蚀(孔蚀、缝隙腐蚀等)约占全部腐蚀事故的三分之一以上。它们常常在人们认为腐蚀性不太强的材料-介质体系发生,事先没有预兆,以至引起油管泄漏、锅炉和设备爆炸、飞机坠毁等恶性事故。迄今尚没有一种统一的理论能合理解释它们发生过程中的各种现象,防护技术也不成熟。 孔蚀、缝隙腐蚀和应力腐蚀破裂有一共同特征,就是孔底或缝尖与外部溶液的对流和扩散受阻,形成“闭塞腐蚀电池”,简 Stress corrosion cracking and local corrosion (pitting, crevice corrosion, etc.) account for about one-third of all corrosion accidents. They often occur in media systems that are not considered to be too corrosive, without warning in advance, leading to leaks in pipelines, explosions in boilers and equipment, and aircraft crashes. So far there is no unified theory that can reasonably explain the various phenomena occurring in their course, and the protection technology is not yet mature. Pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking have a common feature, that is, the bottom of the hole or the tip and the external solution convection and diffusion obstacles, the formation of “closed cell corrosion,” Jane