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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce ectopic bone formation and promote osteoblast differentiation.1 It has been documented that Smad transcriptional factors function as primary mediators of BMPs activity. Receptor-regulated Smad (Smad1, 5, 8) could be phosphorylated by activated BMPR-I and form complex with Smad4. The Smad complex translocates to the nucleus and regulate target gene transcription.2