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本文主要根据汉斯·贝尔廷的理论,并结合现象学、语言哲学的相关成果,考察图像的性质。贝尔廷认为,图像是“心灵图像”与“物理图像”的统一。从现象学的角度看,这意味着真正的“图像”只存在于意识之中,因而是非现实的。但这种理解会引出一个困难:我们如何讨论别人头脑中的“图像”?结合维特根斯坦的相关思考,本文认为,在我们对图像的知觉中,已经包含着语言的因素。因此,一方面,语言可以对“心灵图像”进行转述;另一方面,同一个“物理图像”也可能在观赏者的知觉中引发出不同的“心灵图像”。换句话说,图像具有文化属性。
In this paper, based on the theory of Hans Belting and the related achievements of phenomenology and philosophy of language, this paper examines the nature of the image. Belting argues that the image is the unity of “soul image” and “physical image.” From the phenomenological point of view, this means that the real “image” exists only in consciousness and therefore unrealistic. However, this understanding leads to a difficult question: How can we discuss “images” in other people’s minds? In connection with Wittgenstein’s thinking, this article argues that in our perception of images, language has been involved. Therefore, on the one hand, the language can be used to describe the “soul image”; on the other hand, the same “physical image” may also induce different “mind images” in the viewer’s perception. In other words, the image has cultural attributes.