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目的分析江苏太仓地区2009—2015年3岁以下儿童生长发育状况和贫血的变化趋势。方法利用江苏省太仓市妇幼保健电子病历系统中2009—2015年间的3岁以下儿童体检数据,根据2006年WHO儿童生长发育标准和2001年WHO贫血诊断标准,评价儿童的营养不良率和贫血患病率,并分析其在7年间的变化趋势。计数资料的差异比较采用Mantel-Haenszel卡方检验,贫血患病率在不同年份间的变化趋势采用Cochran-Armitage检验。结果2009—2015年太仓地区儿童的年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)均值为0.51,年龄别身高(或身长)Z评分(HAZ)均值为0.23,身高(或身长)别体重Z评分(WHZ)均值为0.56,平均低体重率为0.65%,平均生长迟缓率为1.54%,平均消瘦率为0.56%,平均超重率为6.37%,平均肥胖率为1.03%,在2009—2015年间低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、肥胖无明显变化,超重率从2009年的5.84%增长到2012年的6.99%,2015年下降到6.12%(MHχ~2=5.41,P<0.05)。男孩的营养不良率均高于女孩,外来儿童的生长迟缓、超重、肥胖率高于本地儿童。3岁以下儿童的贫血患病率从2009年的24.02%下降到了2015年的9.25%(Cochran-Armitage Z=29.41,P<0.05)。男孩的贫血率高于女孩,本地儿童的贫血率高于外来儿童。结论2009—2015年太仓地区3岁以下儿童体格发育水平较好,超重率在2009—2012年间呈上升趋势,在2012—2015年间呈下降趋势;贫血率呈下降趋势。控制儿童超重和贫血是该地区今后儿童营养改善的两个主要方向。
Objective To analyze the changes of growth and anemia in children under 3 years old in Taicang, Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2015. Methods The physical examination data of children under 3 years of age from 2009 to 2015 in Taicang City, Jiangsu Province were used to evaluate the children’s malnutrition rate and anemia according to the 2006 WHO Children’s Growth and Development Standards and 2001 WHO Anemia Diagnostic Criteria Rate, and analyze its change trend in seven years. The differences of count data were compared by Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. The trend of anemia prevalence in different years was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage. Results The mean age-specific Z-score (WAZ) of children in Taicang from 2009 to 2015 was 0.51, the average height-weighted Z score (HAZ) was 0.23, and the mean height Was 0.56, the average low body weight rate was 0.65%, the average growth retardation rate was 1.54%, the average weight loss rate was 0.56%, the average overweight rate was 6.37% and the average obesity rate was 1.03%. During 2009-2015, , Weight loss and weight loss had no significant change. The rate of overweight increased from 5.84% in 2009 to 6.99% in 2012 and decreased to 6.12% in 2015 (MHχ ~ 2 = 5.41, P <0.05). Malnutrition rates in boys were higher than those in girls, and the growth of foreign children was slow, overweight and obesity was higher than that of local children. The prevalence of anemia in children under 3 years of age dropped from 24.02% in 2009 to 9.25% in 2015 (Cochran-Armitage Z = 29.41, P <0.05). Boys have higher rates of anemia than girls and local children have higher rates of anemia than migrants. Conclusion In 2009-2015, children under 3 years of age in Taicang City had better physical development. Overweight rate increased from 2009 to 2012 and decreased from 2012 to 2015. The rate of anemia showed a decreasing trend. Controlling children overweight and anemia are the two main directions for the improvement of children’s nutrition in the area in the future.