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为解决水资源面临的问题,在过去很长一段时间内,水体分析和水资源管理工作存在误区。传统上,对水体的认识仅局限于蓝色水体资源,而事实上占全球淡水资源2/3的绿色水体在人类可用水源中具有举足轻重的作用,对于水资源匮乏的地区来讲,尤是如此。关键的问题在于,由于绿色水体的蒸发和转化过程复杂,难以分析评估其具体流量。但是,随着卫星技术和气象事业的发展,越来越多的地质学、气象学和水力学的信息被收集,这些信息的汇总促进了水体分析的飞速发展。同时,以此为基础,在升级的水体核算框架(WA+)上开发的水体计算程序,强调根据不同土地使用级别计算绿色水的消耗量,因此其在分析计算水资源空间分布上有更加实际的意义。降水量和蒸发量是WA+最主要的两个参数,根据两者之差可判断当地水资源和水能条件是否过剩或不足。由于蓝色水体流量接近区域内降水量与蒸发量之差,因此可从两方面入手:分别使用以卫星数据为参考的远程遥感法和以多重气候数据分析为基础的水汽复合法得到降雨量与蒸发量差值表。同时,结合下垫面信息,得出:对于不同地形地貌下的水体系统,风险存在几率和实施应对策略的可行性和必要性与上述计算结果是有密切关系的。鉴于黄河的水量供需严重失衡及其在中国水系中的重要地位,本研究围绕黄河流域展开。
In order to solve the problems that water resources are facing, water body analysis and water resources management have been misunderstood for a long time in the past. Traditionally, water knowledge has been confined to blue water resources, and green water, which accounts for two-thirds of the world’s freshwater resources, plays a pivotal role in human-available sources of water, especially in water-starved areas . The key issue is that due to the complexity of the evaporation and conversion processes of green water bodies, it is difficult to analyze and assess their specific flows. However, with the development of satellite technology and meteorological services, more and more information on geology, meteorology and hydraulics are collected. The summation of these information has promoted the rapid development of water body analysis. At the same time, based on this, the water body calculation program developed on the upgraded water body accounting framework (WA +) emphasizes the calculation of green water consumption according to different land use levels, so it is more practical to analyze and calculate the spatial distribution of water resources significance. Precipitation and evaporation are the two most important parameters of WA +. According to the difference between the two, we can judge whether the local water resources and hydro-energy conditions are excess or insufficient. Since the flow of blue water is close to the difference between precipitation and evaporation in the region, it can be started from two aspects: the remote sensing method using satellite data as reference and the water vapor compound method based on multiple climate data analysis respectively to obtain the rainfall and Evaporation difference table. At the same time, combined with the underlying surface information, it is concluded that the feasibility and necessity of the risk probability and the implementation of coping strategies for water systems under different topography are closely related to the above calculation results. In view of the serious imbalance of water supply and demand of the Yellow River and its important position in the Chinese water system, this study started around the Yellow River basin.