一、引言近年来,机车用柴油机活塞比功率Nf不断提高,活塞平均速度Cm也逐渐增大。柴油机的这些发展与活塞结构的发展有着极其重要的关系。柴油机的进一步强化对活塞提出了更高的要求,活塞的发展又促进了柴油机强化程度进一步提高。在柴油机的发展历史上,国内外对活塞的改进作了大量工作,活塞的设计水平相应也有所提高。发动机设计者的主要任务,就是针对具体的对象,制定出能承受燃气压力和热负荷、密 I. Introduction In recent years, locomotive diesel engine piston Nf continuously improve the average piston speed Cm is also gradually increased. These developments in diesel engines have an extremely important relationship with the development of piston structures. The further strengthening of the diesel engine puts forward higher requirements on the piston. The development of the piston also promotes the further enhancement of the diesel engine. In the history of the development of diesel engines, a great deal of work has been done to improve the piston at home and abroad, and the piston design level has also been raised correspondingly. The main task of engine designers, is targeted at specific targets, developed to withstand gas pressure and heat load, dense