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目的了解家长对学龄前儿童体型的认知现状,探讨其儿童体质量保健的需求,为对儿童家长开展针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法 2012年3-4月在北京、天津、上海、广州、杭州、海口、成都、武汉、柳州9个项目地区采取整群抽样的方法在56家幼儿园调查学龄前儿童家长对儿童体型评价、测量儿童身高和体重的频次、保持儿童正常体重的方法等内容,测量儿童的身高、体重。采用χ~2检验、Kappa检验和Logistic回归方法进行统计学分析。结果共分析11 934例数据,家长认为孩子目前的体型偏瘦、匀称、偏胖的比例分别27.08%、65.18%和7.73%,家长对儿童体型的认识与采用WHO标准对儿童BMI评价的一致率为57.78%,40.30%和1.93%的家长低估和高估儿童体型,差异有统计学意义(加权Kappa=-0.205,P<0.001)。男童家长的评价与采用WHO标准评价的一致率为51.91%,46.88%和1.21%的男童家长低估和高估儿童体型;女童家长的评价与采用WHO标准评价的一致率为64.26%,33.02%和2.72%的女童家长低估和高估女童体型。每3个月、6个月为孩子测量一次身高的比例分别为23.75%和8.23%,测量体重比例分别为23.77%和6.68%。结论调查地区家长不能正确评价儿童体型的比例较高,儿童保健知识和技能需求大。应对家长开展针对性的儿童保健健康教育,提高他们对儿童身高、体重生长的知识和技能,促进学龄前儿童身高增长、控制体重和预防肥胖的发生。
Objective To understand the status quo of preschool children’s cognition and explore the needs of their health care in order to provide the basis for their parents’ health education. Methods From March to April in 2012, cluster sampling was conducted in 9 project areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Haikou, Chengdu, Wuhan and Liuzhou to investigate the preschool children’s parents’ body shape evaluation in 56 kindergartens. The frequency of children’s height and weight, the method of keeping children’s normal weight and so on, and measures the height and weight of children. Using χ ~ 2 test, Kappa test and Logistic regression method for statistical analysis. Results A total of 11 934 cases of data were analyzed. Parents believed that their children were 27.08%, 65.18% and 7.73% of their body size, respectively. The parents’ cognition of children’s body shape and the consistency rate of children’s BMI using WHO criteria Parents 57.78%, 40.30% and 1.93% underestimated and overestimated the size of children, the difference was statistically significant (weighted Kappa = -0.205, P <0.001). Parents of boys rated 51.91%, while parents of 46.88% and 1.21%, respectively, consistently underestimated and overestimated their children’s body size. The consistency between the evaluations of the girl parents and the WHO criteria was 64.26% and 33.02 % And 2.72% of girls parents underestimated and overestimated girl size. Every 3 months, 6 months measured the height of children once the ratio was 23.75% and 8.23%, respectively, the proportion of body weight were measured 23.77% and 6.68%. Conclusions The proportion of parents who can not correctly evaluate children’s body shape in the surveyed areas is high, and there is a great demand for children’s health knowledge and skills. Parents should carry out targeted child health education to enhance their knowledge and skills of children’s height and weight growth, promote height growth of preschool children, control weight and prevent obesity.