已经发现,当水与被使用有机反应物之体积比很小时,某些非均相反应一般可以进行,甚至在完全无水时亦可进行。本发明仅介绍在环上任意取代的氰苄的制备过程,其反应式如下:(?)式中,Y 为氢或原子序数为9～35的卤素;X 为原子序数为17～53的卤素。反应在有机液相中进行,内含有:(1)环上任意取代的卤化苄;(2)能在水中解离形成CN~-的盐;(3)四烃基铃盐或元素周期表中 V_A 族中一种元素的氢氧化物。在此过程,若不用水或水与卤化苄的体积比低于0.1时,均可进行。通常,式(Ⅰ)的转化率很高,且对相应的式(Ⅱ)具有很高选择性,二者均为100％。该反应还具有水量耗用低和减缩反应器体积的优 It has been found that certain non-homogeneous reactions can generally be carried out when the volume ratio of water to the organic reactants used is small, even when completely anhydrous. The present invention only describes the preparation of cyanobenzyl optionally substituted on the ring by the reaction of (?) Wherein Y is hydrogen or halogen having an atomic number of 9 to 35; X is a halogen having an atomic number of 17 to 53 . The reaction is carried out in an organic liquid phase and comprises: (1) an optionally substituted benzyl halide in the ring; (2) a salt that can dissociate in water to form a CN-; (4) a tetraalkyltin salt or V_A in the Periodic Table A family of elements in the hydroxide. In this process, water or water and benzyl halide volume ratio of less than 0.1, can be carried out. In general, the conversion of formula (I) is high and highly selective to the corresponding formula (II), both at 100%. The reaction also has the advantages of low water consumption and reduced reactor volume