油菜种子发育是产量和品质形成的关键发育阶段,包含了复杂的发育过程和调控网络,有效地解析种子发育的转录调控机制具有重要的意义.以甘蓝型春油菜品种青杂5号为研究材料,利用RNA-seq技术对种子发育的后期(30-DAF,40-DAF)2个发育时间进行转录组测序,筛选差异基因,并利用GO数据库和KEGG数据库注释差异基因功能和可能参与的调控途径.结果表明,从油菜种子灌浆后期的2个时间点的转录组中分别检测到70 850和65 193个表达基因,筛选得到2 654个差异表达基因,其中1 941个基因下调表达,713个基因上调表达,29个基因表达差异倍数|l|log2Ratio|≥|≥10.GO基因功能分析显示,生物学途径中富集最显著的条目是染色质组装相关的等生物学过程,分子功能方面富集最显著的条目依次是蛋白质代谢、营养库活性等功能类别,而在细胞组件方面富集最显著的条目是染色体相关的等细胞组件.Pathway显著性富集分析显示注释基因最多的途径是次生代谢途径,其次是淀粉、蔗糖代谢途径、苯丙素生物合成途径中的、碳代谢途径和氨基酸生物合成途径.甘蓝型油菜种子发育后期的转录组分析表明,种子发育30-DAF时期次生代谢物、脂质代谢等表达活跃,40-DAF时期逐渐转变为蛋白质、氨基酸生物合成、光合碳代谢、碳代谢等表达活跃,提示油菜种子灌浆后期仍处于复杂的物质与能量代谢调控过程.“,”Seed development is the key developmental stage in the formation of yield and quality in rape. It contains complex developmental process and regulatory network. It is also important to analyze the transcriptional regulation mechanism of seed development effectively. Two development times (30-DAF, 40-DAF) in later filling stage of seed growth were sequenced in transcriptome using the technology of RNA-seq by taking Brassica napus spring variety Qingza 5 as test materials. Differentially expressed genes were screened, and the gene function and regulation pathway possiblely involved were annotated using GO database and KEGG database. The results showed that 70 850 and 65 193 expression genes were detected in the transcriptomes of rape seed in 30-DAF and40-DAF in the late filling stage, respectively, and 2 654 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which 1941 genes were down-regulated, and 713 genes were up-regulated. 29 genes were differentially expressed in multiplier (|l|log2 Ratio|≥|≥10). GO gene function analysis showed that the most promint enriched entries in biological pathways were biological processes related to chromatin assembly. The most significant items enriched in the molecular function were the functional categories of protein metabolism, nutrient library activity and other catagories in sequence, while the most significant entries enriched in cell components were chromosomal related components and other components. Pathway significant enrichment analysis found that the pathway with the most annotated genes was the secondary metabolic pathway, followed by starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism pathway, amino acid biosynthetic pathways. The transcriptome analysis of seed at late development stage in Brassica napus showed that expressions such as secondary metabolites and lipid metabolism were still active in 30-DAF of seed development. In 40-DAF, active expressions gradually turned to protein, amino acid biosynthesis, photosynthetic carbon metabolism and carbon metabolism. These results suggested that seed development in later filling stage of Brassica napus was still involved in the regulation of material and power metabolism.