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以温室、大棚和菜粮轮作3种不同类型菜地土壤为材料,研究了菜地土壤全磷、有机磷、有效磷、无机磷组分含量变化及其土体分布特征。结果表明,菜地土壤磷素积累量大、积累速度快,10年左右的温室菜地和大棚菜地土耕层全磷含量增加1 000 mg/kg左右,积累速度约100 mg/kg年,菜粮轮作土壤磷素积累数量相对较少。菜地土壤积累的磷主要是无机磷,0～20 cm土层中无机磷含量占土壤磷素总量的90%以上,菜地土壤有机磷积累数量较少,其含量为130～170 mg/kg。菜地土壤磷素主要分布于0～20 cm耕作层中,其含量一般为0～80 cm土体磷素总量的50%。与母质土壤相比,菜地土壤中下部土层也有磷素积累现象,种菜时间越长,其积累量越多,特别是有机磷在菜地土壤中有较明显的淋溶特征。菜地土壤无机磷组分与母质土壤相比变化很大,而且不同类型菜地土壤无机磷组分变化不同,潮菜地土无机磷组分以Ca8-P、Ca10-P、Ca2-P和O-P为主,与母质土壤相比,Ca8-P、Ca2-P和Al-P含量增加较多,Ca10-P含量仅有微量增加。黑姜菜地土无机磷组分以Al-P、O-P、Ca8-P、Ca2-P为主,与母质土壤相比,含量均增加较多。菜粮轮作土壤无机磷组分以Fe-P和O-P为主,与母质土壤相比,Fe-P含量增加较多。菜地土壤Ca2-P和Ca8-P绝大部分积累于耕作层,占0～80 cm土体中Ca2-P和Ca8-P总量的70%～80%。菜地土壤有效磷含量普遍较高,10年左右的典型菜地耕作层土壤有效磷含量为200 mg/kg左右。
The contents of total phosphorus, organic phosphorus, available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in vegetable fields and the distribution characteristics of soil components were studied by using greenhouse soil, greenhouse and vegetable rotation as soil materials. The results showed that the accumulation of phosphorus in vegetable soil was large and the accumulation rate was fast. The content of total phosphorus in greenhouse soil and greenhouse vegetable soil increased about 1 000 mg / kg in about 10 years and the accumulation rate was about 100 mg / kg. The amount of phosphorus accumulated in the soil of crop rotation was relatively less. The accumulated phosphorus in vegetable soil is mainly inorganic phosphorus. The inorganic phosphorus content in 0-20 cm soil layer accounts for more than 90% of the total phosphorus in soil, while the accumulation of organic phosphorus in vegetable soil is small, with the content of 130-170 mg / kg. Soil phosphorus is mainly distributed in 0-20 cm tillage layer, and its content is generally 50% of the total phosphorus in 0-80 cm soil layer. Compared with the parent soil, phosphorus accumulation was also observed in the lower soil layer in the vegetable soil. The longer the planting time was, the more the accumulation was, especially the obvious leaching characteristics of organic phosphorus in the vegetable soil. The content of inorganic phosphorus in vegetable soil changed greatly compared with the parent soil, and the content of inorganic phosphorus in different types of vegetable soil varied. The content of inorganic phosphorus in the soil in the vegetable garden plotted with Ca8-P, Ca10-P, Ca2-P and OP. The content of Ca8-P, Ca2-P and Al-P increased more than that of the parent soil, while the content of Ca10-P increased only slightly. The contents of inorganic phosphorus in black ginger soil were mainly Al-P, O-P, Ca8-P and Ca2-P, respectively, compared with the parent soil. The content of inorganic phosphorus in vegetable rotation was Fe-P and O-P, and the content of Fe-P increased more than the parent soil. Most of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in vegetable soil accumulated in the tillage layer, accounting for 70% -80% of the total amount of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in 0 ~ 80 cm soil. Soil available phosphorus is generally high in vegetable fields, and soil available P content is about 200 mg / kg in a typical vegetable cultivation layer in about 10 years.