日本于1982年7月开始执行一项传染病监测的新方案。其目的是对目前认为对公共卫生有重要影响的18种疾病的情况进行收集和评价。这18种疾病是:类百日咳病、链球菌性咽喉炎、非典型性肺炎、麻疹、风疹、水痘、流行性腮腺炎、无菌性脑膜炎、急性脑炎、婴儿的冬季呕吐及腹泻、传染性腹泻、手足口综合征、传染性红斑、幼儿急疹、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽结膜炎、流行性角膜结膜炎,以及急性出血性结膜炎。新的报告系统是通过两种情报渠道,即发病例数和实验室检查结果,并指定一定数量的医院和门诊所从事这项工作(见下图)。一般每个县及规定地区有大约40个医院和门诊所。这些机构每周向地区监测委员会报告发病情况。实验室方面的情报是从15个站得来的,他们收集需要确诊的标本,通过当地的 Japan began implementing a new program of infectious disease surveillance in July 1982. Its purpose is to collect and evaluate the 18 diseases currently considered to have a significant impact on public health. The 18 diseases are: pertussis, streptococcal pharyngitis, atypical pneumonia, measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, aseptic meningitis, acute encephalitis, winter vomiting and diarrhea in infants, infections Sexual diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth syndrome, infectious erythema, child acute rash, herpes angina, pharyngoconjunctivitis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The new reporting system works through two intelligence channels, namely the number of cases and laboratory tests, and the appointment of a certain number of hospitals and clinics (see below). In general, there are about 40 hospitals and clinics in each county and the prescribed area. These agencies report the incidence to the Regional Monitoring Board weekly. Laboratory information was obtained from 15 stations, they collected the need to confirm the specimen, through the local