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癌基因概念在肿瘤病毒研究工作中逐渐产生。所谓癌基因,最初作为病毒基因被发现。最初的研究对象是一些转化病毒,如Rous肉瘤病毒(RSV)、藤浪病毒(FSV)等。这些病毒可使细胞迅速转化,将其接种于动物则可导致动物肿瘤。与之相对应的还存在着另一些与此有相同结构却无转化活性的病毒。二者相比,转化病毒具有某些特有的基因,这些基因决定着转化活性。于是将这些基因命名为转化基因(transforming gene),即后来所谓的癌基因(oncogene)。
The oncogene concept has gradually emerged in the research of oncoviruses. The so-called oncogene was first discovered as a viral gene. The initial research subjects were some transforming viruses such as Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), Fujiwara virus (FSV) and others. These viruses can rapidly transform cells, and inoculating them to animals can cause tumors in animals. Correspondingly there are other viruses that have the same structure but no transformation activity. In contrast to the two, the transforming virus has certain unique genes that determine the transforming activity. These genes were then named transforming genes, later called oncogenes.