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目的：早期诊断关节结核。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）技术对３３例共３８个关节的关节液行结核杆菌检测；同时将所取关节液抗酸染色涂片镜检，以病理诊断为金标准并比较其结果。结果：３８个关节经病理确诊的关节结核有１７个，其中ＰＣＲ法与涂片法检出的阳性数分别为１２个和３个，ＰＣＲ法的灵敏度为７０．６％，而涂片法仅为１７．６％，经统计学处理差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。３８个关节中，ＰＣＲ法与涂片法检出的阳性数分别为１４个和５个，ＰＣＲ法和涂片法的阳性检出率分别为３４．２％和１３．２％，经统计学处理两者差异亦有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：应用ＰＣＲ技术检测关节液中的结核杆菌可以早期诊断关节结核并具快速、特异、灵敏等优点。
Objective: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (polymerase chain reaction) was used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 33 cases of synovial fluid of 38 joints. Microscopic examination of the acid-resistant staining solution of the synovial fluid was performed. The pathological diagnosis was taken as gold standard and compared the result. Results: There were 17 joint tuberculosis pathologically diagnosed in 38 joints. The positive numbers detected by PCR and smear method were 12 and 3, respectively. The sensitivity of PCR method was 70.6%. The smear method only Was 17.6%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Among the 38 joints, the positive numbers detected by PCR and smear were 14 and 5, respectively. The positive rates of PCR and smear were 34.2% and 13.2% respectively. According to the statistics There was also significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: The detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in synovial fluid by PCR can be used to diagnose tuberculosis early and has the advantages of fast, specificity and sensitivity.