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通过田间试验,研究了不同施肥措施对根际土壤微生物数量及养分含量的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥显著提高了根际土壤微生物数量。在玉米生育期内土壤细菌和放线菌数量平均数量表现为MNP(有机肥+N+P)>M(有机肥)>NP(N+P)>CK(对照),与CK相比,MNP、M和NP处理细菌数量分别提高了302.82%、183.96%和136.23%,而放线菌数量则分别提高了93.97%%、62.64%和54.28%。土壤真菌平均数量表现为MNP>NP>CK>M,其中MNP和NP分别比CK提高了33.74%和29.08,而M则比CK降低了8.39%。土壤好气性固氮细菌平均数量表现为MNP>NP>M>CK,MNP、M和NP分别比CK提高了55.46%、24.63%和40.87%。(2)在玉米收获期土壤有机质和各营养指标含量均比播种期降低,不同施肥处理土壤有机质含量在播种期和收获期均表现为M>MNP>CK>NP,而土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效磷含量在播种期表现为MNP>NP>M>CK,在收获期表现则不尽一致。(3)土壤细菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量均与土壤全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量之间有显著正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤真菌数量与土壤有机质及各养分含量之间相关性较差。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilization on rhizosphere soil microbial quantity and nutrient content. The results showed that: (1) Fertilization significantly increased rhizosphere soil microbial population. The average number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes during the growth of maize showed MNP (organic fertilizer + N + P)> M (organic fertilizer)> NP (N + P)> CK The number of bacteria treated by M and NP increased by 302.82%, 183.96% and 136.23%, while the number of actinomycetes increased by 93.97%, 62.64% and 54.28% respectively. The average number of soil fungi showed MNP> NP> CK> M, MNP and NP increased by 33.74% and 29.08, respectively, compared with CK, while M decreased by 8.39% compared with CK. The mean number of aerobic bacteria was MNP> NP> M> CK. MNP, M and NP were increased by 55.46%, 24.63% and 40.87% respectively compared with CK. (2) The contents of soil organic matter and nutrition indexes in maize harvest stage were lower than those in sowing stage. The contents of organic matter in different fertilization treatments were M> MNP> CK> NP at the sowing and harvesting stages, while the soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus , Total potassium, available nitrogen and available phosphorus content showed MNP> NP> M> CK at sowing date, but not at harvest. (3) The numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (P <0.05). The numbers of soil fungi and soil organic matter and nutrient contents Poor correlation.