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目的:了解高尿酸血症人群肾结石的患病情况及肾结石发生的影响因素。方法:回顾上海市第六人民医院2017—2019年门诊或住院1 774例高尿酸血症患者的临床资料，按有无肾结石分为无肾结石组（1 451例）和肾结石组（323例）。比较两组患者的年龄、性别、合并慢性病、实验室检查结果等资料，采用Logistic回归分析发生肾结石的影响因素。结果:在1 774例高尿酸血症患者中，肾结石患病率为18.21%，男性肾结石的患病率为20.04%，明显高于女性的8.51%（n χn 2=9.855，n P<0.01）。高尿酸血症人群肾结石的患病率伴随着年龄和血尿酸水平的增高而增高（n χn 2=26.947和38.472，n P均<0.01）。在高尿酸血症人群中年龄≥45岁[n OR(95%n CI)=1.355（1.027~1.787）]，血尿酸≥540 μmol/L[n OR(95%n CI)=2.066（1.609~2.652）]，舒张压≥90 mmHg[1 mmHg=0.133 kPa，n OR(95%n CI)=1.366（1.403~1.789）]，血肌酐≥133 μmol/L[n OR(95%n CI)=1.351（1.024~1.782）]是肾结石发生的潜在相关危险因素。n 结论:本地区高尿酸血症人群中肾结石的患病率偏高，高尿酸血症人群中若年龄≥45岁，血尿酸≥540 μmol/L，舒张压≥90 mmHg，血肌酐≥133 μmol/L应注意肾结石的发生。“,”Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related factors of renal calculi in patients with hyperuricemia.Methods:The clinical data of 1 774 outpatients or inpatients with hyperuricemia in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. The patients were divided into non-kidney stone group (1 451 cases) and kidney stone group (323 cases) . Characteristics of age, gender, chronic diseases and biochemical tests were compared between two groups, and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of renal calculi.Results:Among 1 774 patients with hyperuricemia, the prevalence rate of kidney stones was 18.21%. The prevalence rate of kidney stones in males (20.04%) was significantly higher than that in females (8.51%) (n χn 2=9.855, n P<0.01) . The prevalence of renal calculi in patients with hyperuricemia increased with the increase of age and serum uric acid level (n χn 2=26.947 and 38.472, n P both<0.01) . In patients with hyperuricemia, age ≥ 45 years old [n OR (95%n CI) =1.355 (1.027-1.787) ], serum uric acid ≥ 540 μmol/L[ n OR (95%n CI) =2.066 (1.609-2.652) ], diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg [1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, n OR (95%n CI) =1.366 (1.403-1.789) ], serum creatinine ≥ 133 μmol/L[ n OR (95%n CI) =1.351 (1.024-1.782) ] were potential risk factors for renal calculi.n Conclusions:The prevalence rate of kidney stones in people with hyperuricemia is high in Shanghai. Hyperuricemia patients with age ≥ 45 years old, serum uric acid ≥ 540 μmol/L, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and serum creatinine ≥ 133 μmol/L should be warned the occurrence of renal calculi.