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美陆军正在实现一项第一个精确制导炮弹——XM712型“铜斑蛇”的工程研制计划。这种低成本的火炮发射的激光制导炮弹使中程火炮(155毫米口径)对付固定和活动的点硬目标的能力,具有单发命中率,射程达20公里。“铜斑蛇”的预先(或高级)发展阶段于1975年末完成。这个阶段的主要目的在于验证精确制导元件,部件和组件在经受火炮发射(包括承受发射负荷达10,000g)后,能成功地工作。预先(或高级)发展阶段的验证试验计划包括:在竞争性的射击期间在白沙靶场用火炮发射12发激光制导炮弹。这些发射是对准那些用地面和机载激光器照射的静止和活动的目标。由火炮发射的12发炮弹中,11发中有8发命中目标,1发没有试验。其中8发弹达到制导阶段,全部导向目标。在竞争性的采购以后,美国陆军委托马丁·马利他公司完成“铜斑蛇”工程发展阶段。在工程发展阶段初期,每发预先(或高级)发展阶段的炮弹的单位生产成本(The design to unit production cost)估算为6000美元。努力的目标是使这个成本在生产100,000发以上炮弹时达到3564美元(按1975年比价计)。问题是很明确的:怎样在可靠性不受损失的条件下来削减成本。本报告提出了保证达到上述单位生产成本指标而正在进行工作的某一方面,即成本和可靠性之间的零、部件折衷分析(PCTA)。可靠性是以炮弹寿命周期或从工厂至目标的序列为基础的。
The U.S. Army is implementing an engineering development plan for the first precision-guided cannonball, Model XM712 Copperhead. This low-cost artillery fired laser-guided projectile enables mid-range artillery (155mm caliber) to deal with fixed and movable hard-spot targets with a single-hit rate of 20 kilometers. The pre-(or advanced) stage of Copperhead was completed in late 1975. The main purpose of this phase is to verify that the precision-guided components, components and assemblies work successfully after they have been subjected to artillery firing (including the ability to withstand a launch load of 10,000g). The pilot program for the advanced (or advanced) stage of development consisted of launching 12 rounds of laser-guided artillery shells at the white sand shooting range during the competitive shooting. These launches are aimed at those still and activities that are illuminated by the ground and airborne lasers. Of the 12 rounds fired by artillery, 8 were hit in 11 rounds and 1 round was not tested. Among them, eight rounds of bombs have reached the guidance phase and all have been oriented to the target. After competitive procurement, the United States Army commissioned Martin Mullit to complete the “Copperhead” project development phase. In the early stages of project development, the estimated unit production cost of artillery shells at each advance (or advanced) stage was estimated at $ 6,000. The goal of the effort is to bring that cost to $ 3,564 (at 1975 parity) at the time of the production of 100,000 rounds or more. The question is clear: how to cut costs without losing reliability. This report presents a zero-component part-of-trade analysis (PCTA) between cost and reliability that guarantees one aspect of ongoing work to achieve the above unit cost of production metrics. Reliability is based on the life cycle of the projectile or the sequence from the plant to the target.