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导论:论语言的科学研究第一节语言研究的几种思潮作为开篇,要强调的一点是,以下的论述是一篇针对英语的科学研究而非实用研究的导言。因此,语言学在此是当作一门科学来看待的,对此有必要做一个简要的说明。将语言学当作一门系统的科学来对待的做法始于19世纪。其奠基人是丹麦的Rasmus Rask(1787—1832)和德国的Franz Bopp(1791—1867)。他们通过对比欧洲和亚洲不同的古代语言,发现有些语言之间存在亲缘关系。另外,通过对相关语言中相同或相似的几个特征进行更细致的比较,似乎便有可能确定它们在更早的共同时期的特征。这些学者们所采用的方法就是所谓的系属比较法,这种方法在19
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF LANGUAGES Section 1 Several Thoughts of Language Research As a starting point, it is important to emphasize that the following discourse is an introduction to scientific research in English rather than practical research. Therefore, linguistics here is treated as a science, and it is necessary to make a brief explanation. The treatment of linguistics as a systematic science began in the 19th century. Its founders are Rasmus Rask (1787-1832) in Denmark and Franz Bopp (1791-1867) in Germany. By comparing the different ancient languages of Europe and Asia, they found that there is a kinship between some languages. In addition, by more careful comparison of several of the same or similar features in the relevant language, it seems likely that they will be characterized in an earlier, common period. The method used by these scholars is the so-called system of comparative law, this method in 19