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目的:探索健康教育在有效预防托幼机构儿童意外伤害中的作用。方法:随机抽取武汉2所幼儿园大、中、小班各2个班3～6岁托幼机构儿童共181名,并将其家长作为调查对象,采用自行编写印制的书籍、儿歌、游戏模具、故事、主题活动、讲座等形式,分别在开展健康教育前后对儿童及其家长进行两次问卷调查。结果:健康教育后,儿童及其家长在儿童乘车安全知识、烫伤、发现煤气泄漏、鼻腔塞入异物的处理、对剪刀、打火机、电插座等有可能造成伤害物品的识别、交通安全等方面的回答正确率均显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),在幼儿单独在家时的安全知识、防止跌落等方面的回答正确率也较健康教育前有所提高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健康教育干预可明显改善家长和儿童意外伤害的认知和行为。
Objective: To explore the role of health education in preventing child accidental injuries in child-care institutions. Methods: A total of 181 children aged 3 ~ 6 years old from 2 large, medium and small classes in 2 kindergartens in Wuhan were selected randomly. The parents of the kindergartens were selected as the survey subjects. The printed books, children ’s songs and game molds were prepared by themselves. Stories, thematic activities, lectures and other forms, respectively, before and after the conduct of health education for children and their parents conducted two questionnaires. Results: After health education, children and their parents learned about car safety, burns, gas leaks and stuffing of nasal passages. Children scissors, lighters, electric sockets, etc. may cause injuries, traffic safety, etc. (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The accuracy of correct answers in terms of children’s safety knowledge when they were alone at home and prevention of drop-off was also higher than that before health education, but the correct rate of answer was significantly higher than that before health education The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Health education intervention can significantly improve the cognition and behavior of parents and children in accidental injury.