报告手术治疗原发性纵隔肿瘤52例。男27例, 女25例。年龄3月～56岁。无症状体检发现26例,占50％,胸闷,胸痛、咳嗽、低热症状者19例,占38.4％;胸内器官受压者5例,占9.6％,有重症肌无力者2例,占4％。主要手术并发症有左无名静脉损伤3例;喉返神经麻痹1例;Horner症候群1例;脓胸、切口感染3例。指出本组手术死亡之2例患者与术中损伤左无名静脉及气管套管磨损无名动脉有关。纵隔肿瘤常与周围组织有粘连。肿瘤压迫左无名静脉,使之移位、变窄甚至闭塞形成 Surgical treatment of primary mediastinal tumors was reported in 52 patients. There were 27 males and 25 females. Age from March to 56 years old. Asymptomatic physical examination found 26 cases, accounting for 50%, chest tightness, chest pain, cough, fever symptoms in 19 cases, accounting for 38.4%; 5 cases of chest organ compression, accounting for 9.6%, 2 cases of myasthenia gravis, accounting for 4 %. The main surgical complications included left innominate vein injury in 3 cases, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 1 case, Horner syndrome in 1 case, and empyema and incision infection in 3 cases. It was pointed out that the 2 patients died of operative death were related to intraoperative injury left innominate vein and tracheal tube wear innominate artery. Mediastinal tumors often have adhesions to surrounding tissues. The tumor oppresses the left innominate vein, causing it to shift, narrow, or even occlude.