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目的评价塑料双瓮化粪池的粪便无害化处理效果和了解农户家庭厕所环境卫生学现状和使用管理情况。方法采用环境流行病学现场调查和实验室分析研究方法,收集28户使用塑料双瓮化粪池的前后瓮的混合物,检测其粪大肠菌群、蛔虫卵、钩虫卵和尾蚴,并实地调查使用塑料双瓮化粪池厕所的环境卫生状况。结果塑料双瓮化粪池从前瓮到后瓮粪大肠菌群值逐渐增加,而蛔虫卵数逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别是4.35和3.41,P均为0),对照粪便无害化卫生标准(GB7959-87),粪大肠菌群值指标合格率为89.29%(25/28),蛔虫卵沉降率≥95%(GB19379-2003)的符合率为96.43%(27/28)。调查用户对塑料双瓮化粪池厕所的可接受度和满意度均为100%。结论按照现行的粪便无害化卫生标准,正确安装和使用塑料双瓮化粪池能达到双瓮漏斗式卫生厕所同样的粪便无害化处理的效果,使用卫生厕所后环境卫生学现状有较大的改善。
Objective To evaluate the harmlessness of excrement disposal in plastic double urn septic tanks and to understand the status quo and usage of sanitation in rural households. Methods Environmental epidemiological field investigation and laboratory analysis methods were used to collect the mixture of 28 urinal before and after using plastic double urn septic tank to detect fecal coliform, roundworm eggs, hookworm eggs and cercariae, and field investigation Sanitation using plastic double urn septic tank toilets. Results The results showed that the numbers of coliform bacteria increased from the previous urn to the post-urn septic tank, but the number of ascaris eggs decreased gradually (Z = 4.35 and 3.41 respectively, P = 0) (GB7959-87), the passing rate of fecal coliform index was 89.29% (25/28), the coincidence rate of ascaris egg deposition rate ≥95% (GB19379-2003) was 96.43% (27/28) . Survey users acceptance of plastic double urn septic tank toilet and satisfaction are 100%. Conclusion According to the current sanitary standards for excrement decontamination, the correct installation and use of plastic double urn septic tanks can achieve the same decontamination effect of double urn funnel sanitary latrines, and the present status of environmental hygiene after using sanitary latrines is relatively large Improvement.