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以云南玉溪矿业有限公司秧田箐尾矿库设计资料为依托,依据相似原则,采用重庆大学自行研制开发的尾矿坝溃决破坏模拟试验台,基于尾矿坝溃决的口门形态,探索了坝体在1/4、1/2以及全部瞬间溃决3种情况下的下泄泥浆流动特性。试验结果表明:(1)溃坝口门形态对下泄泥浆的冲击力、淹没范围以及演进规律有较大的影响;(2)泥浆在下游各特征过流断面处的演进规律具有较明显的龙头衰减过程,龙头速度较大,泥深以及泥浆冲击力呈现小-大-小的分布,具有较长的拖尾衰减现象;(3)随着溃口逐渐加大,泥浆在下游同一过流断面处的冲击力和泥深呈明显增大趋势,其增大趋势表现为非线性;(4)泥浆流态在下游90°弯道处发生强烈扰动,在弯道内侧出现涡流现象,而在外侧出现反射现象,瞬间全溃下泄泥浆形成的涡流范围和反射波强度较坝体1/2和1/4溃决情况明显;(5)受溃口形态影响,下泄泥浆龙头到达同一过流断面的时间也不同,全溃泥浆龙头到达下游同一过流断面处的时间远小于坝体1/2和1/4溃决情况。同时,随着溃口的不断减小,同一断面处泥浆冲击力峰值呈减弱趋势,到达峰值的时间也相应推迟。研究成果为不同溃坝口门形态下的尾矿坝溃决泥浆流动特性的深入认识提供了参考。同时,对指导矿山企业的防灾减灾工作具有重要的现实意义。
Based on the similar design principles and using the tailings dam failure simulation test bench developed by Chongqing University, based on the design information of Yuxi Mian tailings dam of Yunnan Yuxi Mining Co., Ltd., The slurry flow characteristics in the three conditions of 1/4, 1/2 and all the instantaneous collapse occurred. The experimental results show that: (1) The morphology of the dam at the mouth of the dam has a great impact on the impact force, submerged range and evolution law of the drained mud; (2) The evolution law of the mud at the downstream over- In the process of decay, the faucet speed is larger, the depth of mud and the impact force of mud appear small - big - small distribution, with longer trailing decay phenomenon; (3) With the breach gradually increased, the mud at the same downstream flow section (4) The mud flow turbulently perturbed at the downstream 90 ° bend, and vortex appeared on the inside of the bend, while on the outside appeared Reflection phenomenon, the instantaneous total collapse of mud formed vortex shedding range and intensity of reflected waves than the dam 1/2 and 1/4 collapse is obvious; (5) by the impact of the morphology of the breach, drained mud mixer to reach the same flow cross-section of the time is also different , The time of reaching the same over-current section downstream of the full-scale mud faucet is far less than that of the dam 1/2 and 1/4 of the dam. At the same time, as the breach continues to decrease, the peak value of mud impact force at the same section shows a weakening trend, and the peak time is correspondingly postponed. The research results provide a reference for the further understanding of mud flow characteristics of tailings dam under different forms of dam failure. At the same time, it has important practical significance to guide the disaster prevention and mitigation work of mining enterprises.