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集动物、饲料和谷物生产于一体的耕作制度，使得化肥的施用量增加。为此，农户须权衡依赖于商品化肥的低风险选择与使用现行农业养分资源有关技术的高风险选择之间的经济效益。农户的决策须考虑财政自持农业的维持程度，同时减少由于过度施用商业化肥所引起的环境退化的可能性。据推测，水质规划所促进的最优管理措施（ＢＭＰｓ）有助于农户达到此目标。在玉米生产中，为计算全氮（Ｎ）、全磷（Ｐ２Ｏ５）的供应量，对威斯康星州的畜牧业农户进行了一项调查。氮、磷的投入作为研究内容，其原因是它们在过量使用或对于敏感的生态区的地表水和地下水源的负面影响。这项研究不同于较普通的农民态度调查，这些调查是指在混合耕作制度下，只注重与作物营养管理有关的实际的农艺学行为。为查清全量养分供应量和 ＢＭＰｓ的运用情况，分析中使用了威斯康星州的１９２８个农户的肥料管理数据。其结果显示，在玉米生产中，２／３的农户使用过量的氮素，而 ４／５的农户使用过量的磷素。很少的农户以适宜的方式使用推荐的 ＢＭＰｓ方法。这些结果表明，在水质规划中农户的实际的农事行为势必影响最优管理措施及其策略的执行。
Tillage systems that integrate animal, feed and cereal production have resulted in increased use of chemical fertilizers. To this end, farmers have to weigh the economic benefits of choosing between low-risk options that depend on commercial fertilizers and high-risk options that use technologies related to current agricultural nutrient resources. Farmers’ decisions must take into account the level of financial self-sustaining agriculture while reducing the likelihood of environmental degradation caused by over-application of commercial fertilizers. Presumably, optimal management practices (BMPs) facilitated by water quality planning can help farmers achieve this goal. In corn production, a survey of livestock farmers in Wisconsin was conducted to calculate the supply of total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P2O5). Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs were the subject of research due to their negative effects on overuse or on surface and groundwater sources in sensitive ecoregions. This study is different from the more common peasant attitude surveys, which refer to the actual agronomic behavior associated with crop nutrition management under a mixed farming system. To find out the use of total nutrients and BMPs, fertilizer management data from 1928 households in Wisconsin were used in the analysis. As a result, two-thirds of farmers use excess nitrogen in corn production, while four-fifths use excess phosphorus. Few farmers use the recommended BMPs method in a suitable manner. These results indicate that the actual farming practices of farmers in water quality planning will inevitably affect the implementation of optimal management practices and their strategies.