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采用25对SSR分子标记,对广西境内采集的1610份药用野生稻材料进行遗传多样性和聚类分析,其中检测到等位变异181个,有效等位基因数Ae范围为1.0094(RM240)~2.2674(RM488),平均值为1.3568;期望杂合度He范围为0.0093(RM240)~0.5591(RM448),平均值为0.2112;Shannon多样性指数I在0.0393~0.9296之间变动,平均值为0.3624。数据表明,广西药用野生稻遗传多样性较为丰富,12个药用野生稻地理居群按遗传多样性指数大小排序为:梧州-3>南宁-1>梧州-2>梧州-1>南宁-2>玉林-2>贵港-2>梧州-4>玉林-3>玉林-1>贺州>贵港-1,其中指数高的居群均分布于梧州市和南宁市两地,因此确定了这两地为广西药用野生稻的遗传多样性中心。通过不同数量的SSR引物对药用野生稻材料间相似系数矩阵进行相关性测验,结果显示当引物按照PIC值降序排列时,10对引物即达到较好聚类效果,升序排列时,21对引物即达到较好聚类效果。研究表明,在进行药用野生稻大居群聚类分析时,SSR引物适宜数量应多于21对,最低不得少于10对。
Twenty-five pairs of SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and cluster analysis of 1610 wild rice cultivars collected in Guangxi. Among them, 181 alleles were detected, and the number of effective alleles, Ae, ranged from 1.0094 (RM240) to 2.2674 (RM488) with an average of 1.3568. The expected heterozygosity He ranged from 0.0093 (RM240) to 0.5591 (RM448) with an average of 0.2112. Shannon’s diversity index I varied from 0.0393 to 0.9296 with an average of 0.3624. The data showed that the genetic diversity of medicinal wild rice in Guangxi is more abundant. According to the genetic diversity index, the geographical populations of 12 medicinal wild rice ranked as follows: Wuzhou-3> Nanning-1> Wuzhou-2> Wuzhou- 2> Yulin-2> Guigang-2> Wuzhou-4> Yulin-3> Yulin-1> Hezhou> Guigang-1, and the populations with the highest index were distributed in Wuzhou and Nanning, To Guangxi medicinal wild rice genetic diversity center. The correlation coefficient test between similarity coefficient matrices of medicinal wild rice by different numbers of SSR primers showed that when the primers were arranged in descending order of PIC value, 10 pairs of primers could achieve good clustering effect. In ascending order, 21 pairs of primers That is to achieve a better clustering effect. The results showed that the appropriate number of SSR primers should be more than 21 pairs, and the minimum number of SSR primers should not be less than 10 pairs when clustering large population of medicinal wild rice.