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目的针对北京地区6类人群设计无偿献血知识调查问卷,分析6类人群无偿献血认知情况。方法依据随机抽样和整群抽样的原则,选取北京市在校大、中、小学生、军人、外来务工人员和公司职员6类人群分别设计不同的调查问卷,并对调查结果进行分析。结果调查人群中支持无偿献血者占66.4%(P<0.01),其中“很高兴献血可以救人”占比最高(55.9%)。整个学生群体中支持无偿献血的占61.5%,无所谓的占到26.1%,不支持的仅占12.4%。基于利他主义的献血动机主要集中在中学生、大学生、军人和公司职员4个群体,而外来务工人员出于方便自己或家人日后用血而献血的比例最高。47.1%的父母对孩子参与无偿献血持支持态度,其中中学生的父母占30.8%。由于职业、年龄等因素,不同人群对无偿献血了解的主要渠道和了解程度均不相同(P<0.01),不同人群对无偿献血宣传的态度有一定差异(P<0.01)。结论建立高效的针对性献血招募体系是保障血液资源持续供给的前提。
Objective To design a knowledge-based questionnaire of voluntary blood donation for 6 types of people in Beijing and analyze the cognition of 6 kinds of people’s blood donation. Methods According to the principles of random sampling and cluster sampling, 6 different groups of students in Beijing, middle school, primary school, military, migrant workers and employees were selected to design different questionnaires, and the results of the investigation were analyzed. Results Among the respondents, 66.4% of the respondents supported the voluntary blood donation (P <0.01), of which “happy to donate blood can save people” accounted for the highest proportion (55.9%). Of the total student population, 61.5% supported unpaid blood donations, 26.1% did not matter, and only 12.4% did not support it. The motive of blood donation based on altruism is mainly concentrated in 4 groups of middle school students, college students, military personnel and company staff, while the migrant workers have the highest proportion of blood donations for their own convenience or their families in the future. 47.1% of parents support their children’s participation in blood donation. Among them, 30.8% of middle school students have parents. Due to occupation, age and other factors, different groups have different understanding of the main channels and levels of understanding of blood donation (P <0.01). There is a certain difference (P <0.01) in the attitude of different groups in promoting blood donation. Conclusion Establishing a highly effective targeted blood donation system is the prerequisite for ensuring the continuous supply of blood resources.