药物对视觉系统的毒副作用,会给病人带来痛苦。因此,药物能损伤视觉系统的这一事实,也早就引起了人们的注意。早在三个半世纪以前,就有关于含铅化合物中毒性眼损伤的大量病例记载。Grant(1962)收集了将近1600种对眼有毒性作用的物质编入了“眼的毒理学”,就足以说明药物对视觉系统影响的严重性。近40多年来,新药大量涌现。但在对新药的研究中,药理工作者往往只注意药理作用、疗效和一般毒性作用的观察,未经充分的动物毒性试验就匆匆临床试服.对视觉系统的毒副作用一般都重视不够。致使这方面的事故不断发生。本世纪30年代用于治疗肥胖病的2,4-二硝基酚(2,4-dinitrophenol)引起白内障和失明就是典型的例子。后来,动物实验证明2,4-二硝基酚对眼的毒性是由于药物改变了晶体的氧化磷酸化过程所致;40年代,美国用高浓度氧对早产儿进行救治,结果造成500名存活儿童发生晶体后纤维增 The side effects of drugs on the visual system, will bring pain to the patient. Therefore, the fact that drugs can damage the visual system has long drawn people’s attention. As early as three and a half centuries ago, there are a large number of cases of lead poisoning eye damage documented. Grant (1962) collected nearly 1600 kinds of eye toxic substances into the “toxicology of the eye” is enough to explain the seriousness of the impact of drugs on the visual system. Nearly 40 years, a large number of new drugs emerged. However, in the study of new drugs, pharmacologists tend to pay attention to the observation of pharmacological effects, curative effects and general toxicological effects, and rush to clinical trials without adequate animal toxicity tests. The toxic effects on the visual system are generally not enough. Cause accidents in this area continue to occur. Typical examples of cataracts and blindness caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol used to treat obesity in the 1930s. Later, animal experiments show 2,4-dinitrophenol eye toxicity is due to the drug changed the crystal oxidative phosphorylation process; the 40’s, the United States with high concentrations of oxygen for pre-treatment of children, resulting in 500 survivors Children after the crystal fibers