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目的:探讨慢性丙型肝炎（chronic hepatitis C，CHC）患者血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）和丙肝病毒载量（hepatitis C virus-RNA，HCV-RNA）的相关性。方法:选取我院收治的125例CHC患者作为CHC组和健康体检正常者60例作为对照组。CHC患者根据HCV-RNA的检测结果，分为低病毒载量组、中病毒载量组和高病毒载量组。根据ALT的检测结果，ALT正常组、ALT轻度升高组和ALT明显升高组。检测各组血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平和HCV-RNA含量，分析miR-134、miR-301表达水平与ALT、HCV-RNA的相关性。结果:CHC组血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平均明显高于对照组（n t=12.874，n P<0.01；n t=12.305，n P<0.01）。ALT明显升高组血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平明显高于轻度升高组和正常组（n P<0.01）。高病毒载量组血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平明显高于中病毒载量组和低病毒载量组（n P<0.01），且中病毒载量组血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平明显高于低病毒载量组，n P<0.01）。相关分析显示，血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平与ALT、HCV-RNA均呈正相关（n r=0.748，n P<0.01；n r=0.825，n P<0.01；r=0.713，n P<0.01；n r=0.796，n P<0.01）。n 结论:CHC患者血清miR-134及miR-301表达水平明显升高，与ALT、HCV-RNA均呈正相关，提示miR-134及miR-301可能参与CHC发生发展。“,”Objective:To investigate the relationships between the expressions of serum miR-134 and miR-301 and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Methods:The 125 CHC patients admitted to our hospital were selected as the CHC group and 60 healthy people as the control group. CHC patients were divided into low viral load group, medium viral load group and high viral load group according to the results of HCV-RNA. The patients were also divided into ALT normal group, ALT slightly elevated group and ALT significantly increased group according to the ALT results. The expression levels of serum miR-134 and miR-301 and HCV-RNA level in each group were detected, and the correlations between the expression levels of miR-134, miR-301 and levels of ALT and HCV-RNA were analyzed.Results:The levels of miR-134 and miR-301 in CHC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (n t=12.874, n P<0.01;n t=12.305, n P<0.01), respectively. The expression levels of serum miR-134 and miR-301 in the ALT significantly increased group were significantly higher than those in ALT slightly elevated group and ALT normal groups (n P<0.001), respectively. The expression levels of serum miR-134 and miR-301 in the high viral load group were significantly higher than those in the middle viral load group and the low viral load group (n P<0.001), respectively and the expression levels in the middle viral load group were significantly higher than those in the low viral load group (n P<0.001). The correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of serum miR-134 and miR-301 were positively correlated with levels of ALT and HCV-RNA (n r=0.748, n P<0.01;n r=0.825, n P<0.01;n r=0.713, n P<0.01;n r=0.796, n P<0.01), respectively.n Conclusions:The expression levels of serum miR-134 and miR-301 in CHC patients increased significantly and positively correlated to levels of ALT and HCV-RNA, suggesting that miR-134 and miR-301 may be involved in the development of CHC.