采用分子动力学方法研究了电场作用下金属铝表面的不同纳米结构对过冷水形核的影响。在具有不同尺度表面结构的系统中,过冷水形核后均倾向于形成多晶结构。形核的过程不仅有六环结构的逐层生长同时也包含了冰相水分子间的聚并。此外,形核比较容易发生在亚表面层,光滑壁面附近的晶核比带结构表面附近的晶核具有更快的生长速度。 The influence of different nanostructures on the surface of undercooled aluminum under the action of electric field was studied by molecular dynamics method. In systems with different scale surface structures, the supercooled water tends to form polycrystalline structure after nucleation. The nucleation process includes not only the layer-by-layer growth of six-ring structure but also the aggregation of ice-water molecules. In addition, nucleation is relatively easy to occur in the subsurface layer, and the nuclei near the smooth wall have a faster growth rate than the nuclei near the surface of the belt structure.