In Spain, the current Building Technical Code (referred to as CTE in Spanish) establishes restrictive setpoint temperatures that ensure high levels of thermal c
Building, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) consumes nearly 48% of the entire building energy of the world. Improvement in the control strategy
Urban spaces offer considerable social, health, environmental, and economic benefits to cities and citizens. As a result, attracting more people to urban outdoo
Air change efficiency evaluates the ability of a system to achieve the change of the air contained in a confined interior space. It is conditioned by the geomet
The EBD-SIM (evidence-based design, simulation) framework is a conceptual framework developed to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the EBD process to
Nowadays, the use of phase change materials (PCMs) represents a novel technique employed for retrofitting facades in existing buildings, mainly to fulfil temper
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are becoming a viable solution for clean on-site energy production and utilisation to combat the existing energy crisis
Microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) have the potential for energy storage applications in buildings. However, current MEPCMs are limited by their
The energy consumption analyses of high-rise buildings have some fundamental limitations that include the treatment of building size, changes in microclimate pa
Building performance simulation (BPS) tools need valid emission models to quantify the effects building generated pollution has on indoor air quality (IAQ) and