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目的了解山东省疟疾流行区中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况,评价在中小学生中开展疟疾防治知识健康教育的效果,为制定疟疾防治工作计划提供依据。方法采用随机化对照实验研究方法在山东省5个疟疾流行二类县随机抽取部分中小学生作为干预组和对照组进行疟疾防治知识问卷调查。干预组通过健康教育课、疟防知识手册、黑板报、校园广播、宣传海报等进行疟防知识健康教育,对照组不施行任何干预措施。结果基线调查时,干预组和对照组学生疟疾防治知识知晓率分别为64.68%和68.24%,差别无统计学意义(χ2=2.68,P>0.05)。干预后随访,干预组和对照组学生疟疾防治知识知晓率分别为96.17%和67.69%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=261.20,P<0.01)。对照组干预前后学生疟防知识知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.06,P>0.05)。干预组干预后学生疟防知识知晓率高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(χ2=210.43,P<0.01)。结论在中小学生中开展疟疾防治知识健康教育可有效提高中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓率,对全省的疟疾防治意义重大。
Objective To understand the knowledge of malaria prevention and control among primary and secondary students in malaria-endemic areas in Shandong Province and to evaluate the effect of malaria prevention and control knowledge and health education among primary and secondary students so as to provide the basis for formulating the malaria prevention and control work plan. Methods A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to select some primary and secondary school students in five malaria-endemic counties in Shandong Province as intervention groups and control groups to conduct malaria prevention and control questionnaire. The intervention group conducted health education on malaria prevention knowledge through health education classes, malaria prevention knowledge manuals, blackboard newspapers, campus radio, publicity posters, etc. The intervention group did not take any intervention measures. Results During the baseline survey, the awareness rate of malaria prevention and control among the intervention group and control group was 64.68% and 68.24% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 2.68, P> 0.05). Follow-up after intervention, the awareness rate of malaria prevention and control among intervention group and control group was 96.17% and 67.69% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 261.20, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the knowledge rate of malaria prevention before and after the intervention in the control group (χ2 = 0.06, P> 0.05). The awareness rate of malaria prevention knowledge among intervention group after intervention was higher than that before intervention (χ2 = 210.43, P <0.01). Conclusions The health education of malaria prevention and control among primary and secondary school students can effectively improve the awareness rate of primary and secondary malaria prevention and treatment knowledge and is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of malaria in the whole province.