采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术,分别研究了珠光体钢在冷拉拔过程中的组织结构和残余应力演化。随着拉拔应变量的增大,珠光体团逐渐转向拉拔方向。影响珠光体钢丝屈服应力和抗拉强度的关键因素是珠光体片层间距,它们之间满足Hall-Petch公式,通过拉伸试验求得其中k值为567.4kN·m-3/2。钢丝残余应力的X射线衍射测量结果表明,随着应变量增加,钢丝的应力增大,这与拉拔过程中的加工硬化有关。 The microstructure and residual stress evolution of pearlite steel during cold drawing were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As the drawing strain increases, the pearlite gradually turns to the drawing direction. The key factor affecting the yield stress and tensile strength of pearlite steel wire is the spacing of pearlite sheets, which satisfies the Hall-Petch formula, and the k value is 567.4 kN · m-3/2 by the tensile test. X-ray diffraction measurement of the residual stress of the steel wire shows that as the amount of strain increases, the stress of the steel wire increases, which is related to the work hardening during the drawing process.