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目的明确我国2005～2009年内脏利什曼病流行病学特征,为当前内脏利什曼病防控提供参考数据。方法以中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测信息管理系统报告的内脏利什曼病病例资料为基础,描述和分析2005～2009年我国内脏利什曼病的地区分布以及不同流行病学类型的利什曼病发病时间和年龄分布特点。结果 (1)2005～2009年我国内脏利什曼病疫情有上升趋势,报告病例数有所增加,其中新疆喀什地区迦师县于2008年出现暴发疫情,报告病例数较上年上升159%;(2)流行范围仍较为集中,报告病例主要分布在我国西部新疆、甘肃和四川3省,3省报告病例数占全国报告病例总数的97.8%,且3省报告病例分别集中在本省少数县市,但出现报告病例县数增加;(3)犬源型(甘肃)、人源型(喀什市和疏附县)和野生动物源型(迦师县)利什曼病病例年龄分布不同(P<0.05),野生动物源型病例79%在1岁以内,人源型病例仅0.7%在1岁以内,3～4岁年龄组为发病高峰,1岁以内为犬源型发病高峰年龄段,随年龄增加报告病例数逐渐减少;(4)2岁及以上病例多发生在每年的3～6月份,2岁以下病例(迦师县除外)发生无明显季节性,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);迦师县暴发疫情以当年9月份至次年2月份为发病高峰。结论近年我国内脏利什曼病疫情有上升趋势,不同流行病学类型利什曼病发病特点明显不同。应针对不同流行区疫情特点,采取适宜措施,加强我国西部地区内脏利什曼病防治,控制疫情暴发和流行。同时,有必要进一步研究各地内脏利什曼病流行因素和流行特点。
Objective To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in China from 2005 to 2009 and provide reference data for the prevention and control of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods Based on the case reports of visceral leishmaniasis reported by the Disease Surveillance Information Management System of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the regional distribution of visceral leishmaniasis and the prevalence of Leishmaniasis in different epidemiological types in China from 2005 to 2009 were described and analyzed. Disease onset and age distribution characteristics. Results (1) The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in China increased from 2005 to 2009, with an increase in the number of reported cases. Outbreaks were reported in 2008 in Gaashi County, Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang. The number of reported cases increased by 159% over the previous year. (2) The prevalence range is still relatively concentrated. The reported cases are mainly distributed in three provinces of Xinjiang, Gansu and Sichuan in Western China. The number of reported cases in the three provinces accounts for 97.8% of the total reported cases in the three provinces and the reported cases in the three provinces are concentrated in a few counties and cities in the province , But there was an increase in the number of reported cases; (3) The age distribution of leishmaniasis in dog-derived (Gansu), human-derived (Kashi and Shufu counties) and wild-type <0.05). 79% of wild-type cases were within 1 year of age, 0.7% of human-type cases were within 1 year of age, 3 to 4 years of age peaked, 1 year of age was peak age of dog- (4) Cases of 2 years old and above occurred in March to June of each year, and no significant seasonal changes occurred in patients under 2 years old (except for Gushi County), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The outbreak of Calahya County peaked from September to February of the following year. Conclusions In recent years, the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in China has been on the rise. The incidence of leishmaniasis differs significantly between different epidemiological types. In response to the characteristics of the epidemic in different endemic areas, appropriate measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and control of visceral leishmaniasis in western China and control the outbreak and epidemic of the epidemic. At the same time, it is necessary to further study the epidemiological and epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis.