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在欧洲国家,政府实际拥有和操纵着所有的大学和研究机构。例如在美国,政府不仅资助特殊工程行业,也对各种基础领域进行投资。在保密行业中,政府直接资助研究和发展计划。每个国家都有一个或多个政府的或半政府性的机构负责提供经费。另外,还有一些私有的和半私有的研究与发展基金会为激光和光学的研究工作提供资金。预算上的权衡欧洲研究和发展集团仍必须与坚挺的美元作竞争;目前美国制造的装置的价格大约是他们1980年水平的三倍。由于美国提供大量的激
In European countries, the government actually owns and controls all universities and research institutes. In the United States, for example, the government not only funds special engineering industries but also invests in various basic fields. In the confidential industry, the government directly funded research and development programs. Each country has one or more government or semi-government agencies responsible for funding. In addition, there are private and semi-private research and development foundations that fund laser and optical research. The trade-off between budget and European research and development groups still has to compete with the firmer dollar; the prices of devices made in the United States are now about three times their 1980 levels. As the United States provides a lot of excitement