In the process of leading the international communist movement,Marx and Engels faced the profound influence of social revolution and multi - social thoughts caused by the development of capitalism. They always stood at the historical height and the forefront of the times with their attention attached to and study the peasant issues,on the basis of the need to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the workers' movement and the revolutionary allied forces. Marx and Engels insisted on the connection between theory and practice,the unity of materialism and dialec-tics,the combination of principle and flexibility,the principle of complementing macro and micro analysis,and the fea-tures of peasantry class,personality characteristics,revolutionary nature,political attitudes and history of peasants and other in - depth analysis being accomplished and put forward practical and feasible joint measures to form a peasant thought with great scientific connotation. This idea is still of important value for the implementation of the rural revi-talization strategy by our party in the new era and the proper resolution of the "three rural issues".