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目的了解北京市怀柔区近2年发热出疹性疾病的血清流行病学特点,为该地区麻疹、风疹的有效控制提供依据。方法以该区2010年1月—2012年6月135例发热出疹病例为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),检测血清中麻疹、风疹病毒特异性IgM抗体,并用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 135例发热出疹病例中,麻疹19例,阳性率14.1%;5—7月为发病高峰,婴儿、学龄前及学龄儿童、成人均有发病;其中4人有疫苗接种史,17例集中在2010年。风疹69例,阳性率51.1%;3—5月为发病高峰,发病年龄主要集中在11～30岁。62例未确诊病例进行了二次采血,分别检出麻疹6例,风疹35例。结论麻疹需与风疹等发热出疹性疾病进行鉴别诊断。加强实验室的监测,适时开展强化免疫,是控制麻疹的重要措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of fever and rash in the past two years in Huairou District, Beijing, and to provide evidence for the effective control of measles and rubella in the area. Methods A total of 135 cases of fever and rash in this area from January 2010 to June 2012 were selected as the research objects. Serum measles and rubella virus-specific IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Method for analysis. Results 135 cases of fever rash cases, 19 cases of measles, the positive rate of 14.1%; peak incidence in May-July, infants, preschool and school-age children, adults have morbidity; 4 were vaccinated history, 17 cases concentrated In 2010. 69 cases of rubella, the positive rate of 51.1%; 3-May peak incidence, the incidence of age mainly concentrated in the 11 to 30 years old. 62 cases of undiagnosed cases of secondary blood sampling were detected in 6 cases of measles, rubella in 35 cases. Conclusion Measles and rubella fever and other rash diseases need to be differentiated. Strengthening laboratory monitoring, timely and intensive immunization is an important measure to control measles.