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①目的探讨卡氏肺孢子虫的检测方法及感染状况。②方法收取病人痰液、肺组织及支气管灌洗液，常规方法提取ＤＮＡ，用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测卡氏肺孢子虫ＤＮＡ，并与吉氏染色结果进行比较。③结果８６例住院病人，卡氏肺孢子虫ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ检出率为４１．９％，卡氏肺孢子虫包囊吉氏染色法的检出率为１４．９％，两种方法的检出率比较，差异有显著性（ｕ＝６．６３８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。尿毒症、肺癌、血液病和肺部炎症病人卡氏肺孢子虫ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ检出率分别为３７．５％，６１．５％，５０．０％和２０．８％，差异有显著性（χ２＝９．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。痰液、肺组织和支气管灌洗液标本，卡氏肺孢子虫ＤＮＡＰＣＲ的检出率分别为２８．６％，６１．９％和７７．８％，差异有极显著意义（χ２＝１２．３０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。吉氏染色法检测出的１０份卡氏肺孢子虫包囊阳性标本，ＰＣＲ检测皆为阳性；５７份阴性标本，ＰＣＲ检测出１５份为阳性。４份结核标本ＰＣＲ检测皆为阴性。④结论ＰＣＲ技术检测肺组织和支气管灌洗液标本中的卡氏肺孢子虫ＤＮＡ，具有较高的敏感性和特异性
Objective To investigate the detection methods and infection status of Pneumocystis carinii. Methods The sputum, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected from patients. DNA was extracted by routine methods and the DNA of Pneumocystis carinii was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were compared with the results of Giemsa stain. Results The PCR detection rate of Pneumocystis carinii DNA was 41.9% in 86 inpatients, and 14.9% in Pneumocystis carinii cystoscope. The detection rates of two methods There was a significant difference between rates (u = 6.638, P <0.05). The PCR detection rates of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in patients with uremia, lung cancer, hematological diseases and lung inflammation were 37.5%, 61.5%, 50.0% and 20.8%, respectively χ2 = 9.01, P <0.05). The detection rates of DNA PCR for Pneumocystis carinii were sputum, lung and bronchoalveolar lavage were 28.6%, 61.9% and 77.8%, respectively (χ2 = 12.30 , P <0.01). There were 10 positive samples of Pneumocystis carinii cysts detected by Giemsa stain, and all of 57 negative samples were positive by PCR. Four samples of tuberculosis PCR detection were negative. ④ Conclusion PCR detection of lung tissue and bronchial lavage fluid samples of Pneumocystis carinii DNA, with high sensitivity and specificity