主动免疫治疗是消除微小残留病变及延长白血病患者化疗后无病生存期的可行而有效的途径,其基本原理是用肿瘤抗原激发机体产生特异性抗肿瘤免疫。白血病多肽疫苗可诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答,在小鼠体内显示了抗肿瘤效应,并已进入人体试验阶段,显示出较好的应用前景。白血病核酸疫苗能更有效地在小鼠体内诱导保护性免疫,从而更适合于临床应用。 Active immunotherapy is a feasible and effective way to eliminate minimal residual disease and prolong the disease-free survival of patients with leukemia after chemotherapy. The basic principle is to use the tumor antigen to stimulate the body to produce specific anti-tumor immunity. Leukemia peptide vaccine can induce the body to produce specific immune response in mice showed anti-tumor effect, and has entered the human test phase, showing a good prospect. The leukemia nucleic acid vaccine can induce protective immunity in mice more effectively, which is more suitable for clinical application.