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目的用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)评价国内医生与护士的职业紧张度、紧张反应和应对职业紧张的差异。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、Wan Fang Data、VIP数据库(1998—2015年12月),查找OSI-R评价国内医生与护士职业紧张的横断面研究。按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Revman 5.2软件进行meta分析。结果最终纳入13个横断面研究,共8 683名医护人员(医生5 306,护士3 377)。Meta分析结果显示:在职业紧张因素方面,医生的职业紧张度高于护士[MD=5.98,95%CI(4.83,7.13),P<0.01],男医生高于女医生[MD=6.73,95%CI(4.06,9.41),P<0.01];在职业紧张反应方面,医生的职业紧张反应强于护士[MD=3.01,95%CI(1.95,4.07),P<0.01],男女医生之间无差异[MD=2.56,95%CI(-0.91,5.31),P>0.05];在应对职业紧张方面,医生应对职业紧张的能力低于护士[MD=-2.33,95%CI(-3.28,-1.38),P<0.01],女医生低于男医生[MD=4.61,95%CI(2.71,6.50),P<0.01]。结论医生的职业紧张度和紧张反应高于护士,应对职业紧张的能力低于护士,男医生的职业紧张度和应对职业紧张的能力高于女医生。
Objective To evaluate occupational stress, nervousness and coping with occupational stress in domestic physicians and nurses by Occupational Stress Test (OSI-R). Methods A cross-sectional study on OSI-R in assessing occupational stress among doctors and nurses in China was performed by searching Pub PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI and Wan Fang Data, VIP database (December 1998 to December 2015). RevMan 5.2 software was used for meta-analysis after independently screening the literature for inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting data, and evaluating the quality of the methodology included in the study. The results eventually included 13 cross-sectional studies involving a total of 8,663 medical and nursing staff (5,306 doctors and 3 377 nurses). Meta-analysis showed that the occupational stress was higher in doctors than in nurses [MD = 5.98,95% CI (4.83, 7.13), P <0.01], and male doctors were higher than female doctors [MD = 6.73,95 % CI (4.06,9.41), P <0.01]. In occupational stress response, the occupational stress response of doctors was stronger than that of nurses [MD = 3.01,95% CI 1.95,4.07, P <0.01] (MD = 2.56, 95% CI (-0.91, 5.31), P> 0.05]. Physicians’ ability to cope with occupational stress was lower than that of nurses in coping with occupational stress [MD = -2.33, 95% CI (-3.28, -1.38), P <0.01]. Female physicians were lower than male physicians [MD = 4.61, 95% CI (2.71, 6.50), P <0.01]. Conclusion The doctor’s occupational stress and stress response are higher than that of nurses. The ability to deal with occupational stress is lower than that of nurses. The male doctor’s occupational stress and ability to cope with occupational stress are higher than that of female doctors.