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研究生物炭与化肥配施对土壤特性及烤烟品质和经济性状的影响,为生物炭在烟叶生产中的有效利用提供参考依据。以中烟100为研究对象,在河南郏县开展大田试验。试验设6个处理,分别为:对照CK(不施肥);T1(常规施肥);T2(T1+生物炭4500 kg hm~(-2));T3(T1+生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2));T4(T1+生物炭4500 kg hm~(-2)-纯氮5%);T5(T1+生物炭9000kg hm~(-2)-纯氮10%)。施用生物炭对植烟土壤特性、烤烟品质和经济性状有一定的影响。生物炭增加了土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量,提高了CEC和pH值,对土壤细菌和放线菌含量也有提升作用,其中土壤速效钾含量随生物炭用量增加呈现递减的趋势,其它指标均随生物炭用量增加而递增;生物炭对土壤速效磷和真菌含量表现出前期抑制后期促进的规律;生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)条件下,减纯氮10%降低了CEC、速效磷和有机质含量;生物炭增加了烤烟钾含量,降低了氯含量,提高了烤烟叶化学成分的协调性和单料烟感官质量,生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)条件下,减纯氮10%则增加了烤烟氯含量,降低单料烟感官质量;生物炭还提高了烟叶产量、产值以及上、中等烟比例,而生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)条件下,减纯氮10%则对烤烟经济性状造成了负面影响。以常规施肥配施生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)的处理效果最好。
The effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer application on soil characteristics and quality and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were studied to provide a reference for the effective utilization of biochar in tobacco production. Taking the tobacco 100 as the research object, the field experiment was carried out in Yixian County, Henan Province. The experiment was divided into six treatments: CK (no fertilization), T1 (conventional fertilization), T2 (T1 + biochar 4500 kg hm -2), T3 (T1 + biochar 9000 kg hm -2 ); T4 (T1 + biochar 4500 kg hm -2 - pure nitrogen 5%); T5 (T1 + biochar 9000 kg hm -2 - pure nitrogen 10%). Application of biochar had some effects on tobacco soil characteristics, flue-cured tobacco quality and economic traits. Biochar increased the content of soil available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter, increased the CEC and pH value, and also promoted the content of soil bacteria and actinomycetes. The content of available potassium in soil showed a decreasing trend with the increase of biochar content. The biochar increased the content of available phosphorus and fungi at the late stage of prophase inhibition. Under the condition of 9000 kg hm -2 biochar, the decrease of CEC by 10% Available phosphorus and organic matter content; biochar increased the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco, decreased the content of chlorine and improved the coordination of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaf and the sensory quality of single-flue-cured tobacco. Under biochemical charcoal 9000 kg hm ~ (-2) Nitrogen 10% increased the chlorine content of flue-cured tobacco and decreased the sensory quality of single-batch tobacco. Biochar also increased the yield and output value of tobacco leaves and the ratio of upper and middle-grade tobacco. Under the condition of 9000 kg hm -2 of biochar, 10% of the economic traits of tobacco has had a negative impact. The conventional fertilization with biological charcoal 9000 kg hm ~ (-2) the best treatment.