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选用我国的２２份普通小麦、７份西藏半野生小麦及来自国外的１７份斯卑尔脱小麦等共４６份材料，利用ＲＡＰＤ标记进行小麦品种、亚种及种间分子标记遗传差异研究，分析扩大杂交小麦育种亲本遗传基础和构建小麦杂种优势群的途径。２６个引物在４６份材料间共扩增出２７９条带，其中１８２条带（占６５．２％）具有多态性，每个引物可扩增２～１８条多态性带，平均为７条带。种（亚种）间ＲＡＰＤ多态性表现为斯卑尔脱小麦（５７．６％）＞西藏半野生小麦（５０．９％）＞普通小麦（３８．０％）。利用１８２条多态性带计算了种（亚种）内及种（亚种）间的遗传距离，发现斯卑尔脱小麦和西藏半野生小麦群体内平均遗传距离为普通小麦的２倍以上，它们与普通小麦间的平均遗传距离约为冬春普通小麦间的２倍。聚类结果显示，斯卑尔脱与普通小麦两个物种划分为两大类群，利用ＲＡＰＤ标记可以将冬性和春性斯卑尔脱、西藏半野生小麦和普通小麦以及冬春性普通小麦明显划分开来。本文首次利用ＲＡＰＤ标记对西藏半野生小麦的遗传变异以及与斯卑尔脱小麦和普通小麦的遗传差异进行了研究。据此，我们初步提出可以利用斯卑尔脱小麦和西藏半野生小麦群体内丰富的遗传变异以及与普通小麦之间较大的遗传差异，丰富杂交?
A total of 46 materials, including 22 common wheat, 7 Tibetan semi-wild wheat and 17 Spelled wheat from abroad, were selected to study the genetic differences of wheat varieties, subspecies and interspecies molecular markers using RAPD markers. Expansion of Genetic Basis of Hybrid Breeding Parents and Construction of Wheat Heterosis Groups. A total of 279 bands were amplified with 26 primers, of which 182 bands (65.2%) were polymorphic. Each primer amplified 2 to 18 polymorphic bands with an average of 7 Bands. The RAPD polymorphism among species (subspecies) was Spelled wheat (57.6%)> Tibet semi-wild wheat (50.9%)> common wheat (38.0%). The genetic distances among species (subspecies) and species (subspecies) were calculated using 182 polymorphic bands and found that the average genetic distance between Spelled and Tibet semi-wild wheat populations was more than twice that of common wheat, The average genetic distance between them and common wheat is about 2 times that between common wheat and winter wheat. The clustering results showed that the Spelled and the common wheat were divided into two groups. The RAPD markers could significantly increase winter and spring Spelled, Tibet semi-wild and common wheat and winter and spring wheat Divided. In this study, the genetic variations of Tibetan semi-wild wheat and the genetic differences between Spelled and ordinary wheat were studied using RAPD markers for the first time. Based on this, we initially proposed that we can enrich the hybridization by using abundant genetic variation in Spelled wheat and Tibetan semi-wild wheat populations as well as the larger genetic difference with common wheat.