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目的研究状态-特质焦虑与职业紧张的关系及其影响因素。方法整群抽样工龄≥3年的男性行车人员及白领620人,采用自制的职工一般情况、行为方式、生活状况调查表以及引用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、职业紧张量表(OSI-R)、A型行为量表进行调查,状态-特质焦虑的影响因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析。结果乘警、乘务员和白领3类职业人群是状态-特质焦虑的高检出人群,状态焦虑与特质焦虑的检出率分别为33.5%和24.9%,其中以乘警的检出率最高,其次是乘务员和白领。在控制了非职业因素后,随着职业紧张水平的升高,状态-特质焦虑的危险性也随之增加(OR值为1.47、2.25)。状态焦虑主要与职业紧张和A型行为相关(OR值为1.56、1.03),特质焦虑主要与职业紧张、工龄、A型行为、体育活动和自觉生活满意相关(OR值为2.18、1.51、1.04、0.67和0.64)。结论不同的职业类型,状态-特质焦虑的检出率不同。职业紧张导致了状态-特质焦虑检出率的升高,尤其对特质焦虑的影响更为突出。状态-特质焦虑具有不同的危险因素。
Objective To study the relationship between state-trait anxiety and occupational stress and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 620 male drivers and 620 white-collar workers with a working age of 3 years or more were sampled by cluster sampling. The general conditions, behavior patterns, life status questionnaire and reference status-trait anxiety questionnaire (STAI), occupation stress scale (OSI-R ), Type A behavior scale to investigate the status-trait anxiety factors using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Results The occupational groups of mate, flight attendants and white-collar workers were state-trait high-detection anxiety patients. The detection rates of state anxiety and trait anxiety were 33.5% and 24.9% respectively, of which the detection rate was the highest among marshals, followed by flight attendant And white-collar workers. After controlling for non-occupational factors, the risk of state-trait anxiety increased with the increase of occupational stress (OR = 1.47, 2.25). State anxiety was mainly associated with occupational stress and type A behavior (OR = 1.56, 1.03). Trait anxiety was mainly associated with occupational stress, length of service, type A behavior, physical activity and satisfaction with life expectancy (OR = 2.18,1.51,1.04, 0.67 and 0.64). Conclusion Different occupational types and status-trait anxiety have different detection rates. Occupational stress led to the state - the increase of trait anxiety, especially the trait anxiety is more prominent. Status-Trait Anxiety has different risk factors.