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目的通过研究海拔、年降水量(mean annual precipitation,MAP)和年均温(mean annual temperature,MAT)对不同生活型和不同类群药用被子植物气孔特征的影响,为植物类中药材生理特性如何响应环境变化提供一定理论依据和参考。方法搜集已发表的全国药用被子植物气孔参数相关文献中的数据,进行一元线性回归和通径分析。结果研究显示涉及到的环境因子与一年生草本药用植物的气孔密度(stomatal density,SD)和气孔指数(stomatal index,SI)以及单、双子叶药用植物的SD无相关性。多年生草本药用植物的SD和SI与海拔呈正相关,与MAP和MAT呈负相关。单子叶药用植物的SI与海拔呈正相关,与MAP呈负相关。双子叶药用植物的SI与MAP呈负相关。通径分析结果表明MAP和MAT对于不同划分方式的药用植物来说都是其SI的主要环境决定因子和限定因子。结论多年生草本药用植物的SD和SI以及单、双子叶药用植物的SI与环境因子协同变化。不同环境因子对不同生活型和不同类群药用植物的SD和SI相对重要程度不同。
Objective To study the effects of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) on stomatal characteristics of medicinal angiosperms in different life forms and different groups, and to study the physiological characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines In response to changes in the environment to provide a theoretical basis and reference. Methods The data of published published literature on stomatal parameters of medicinal angiosperm plants were collected and subjected to one-dimensional linear regression and path analysis. Results The study showed no correlation between the environmental factors involved and stomatal density (SD) and stomatal index (SI) of annual herbaceous medicinal plants and SD of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous medicinal plants. Perennial herb medicinal plants SD and SI were positively correlated with altitude, and MAP and MAT were negatively correlated. SI in monocotyledonous medicinal plants was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with MAP. SI of dicotyledonous medicinal plants is negatively correlated with MAP. Path analysis showed that both MAP and MAT are the major environmental determinants and limiting factors for SI in medicinal plants with different division patterns. Conclusions SD and SI of perennial herbaceous plants and SI and environmental factors of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous medicinal plants change synergistically. Different environmental factors have different relative importance to SD and SI of different life forms and different groups of medicinal plants.