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本文的中心是论证“自愿性”和“寻求性”失业已成为城镇中存在失业的一项基本原因,并探索该类失业产生的深层背景。一、“自愿性”“寻求性”失业已成为城镇存在失业的一项基本原因近几年,我国大中城市普遍出现一些行业和职业的招工难,这类招工难不仅与企业冗员并存,也与城镇每年200多万的青年失业并存,这一奇特的现象不能不引起人们的深思。很显然,这部分青年的失业不能用劳动力供过于求、就业机会不足来解释,招工难的存在意味着就业机会尚未得到如数的填补;这部分失业也不能用结构性失业做出合理解释。因为招工难的行业和职业对劳动者各项素质要求的并不高,多数失业者符合这类招工条件,不存在失业者素质与招工难单位的劳动力需求不相符合的问题。面对这种困境,唯一合理的假设是该类失业属于“自愿性失业”和“寻求性失业”。“自愿性失业”指劳动者拒绝某类行业或职业的小时工资率所引起的失业;“寻求性失业”指劳动者为寻找理想职业而放弃其它就业机会所引
The focus of this paper is to demonstrate that “voluntary” and “seeking” unemployment has become a basic cause of unemployment in urban areas and to explore the deep background of such unemployment. I. “Voluntary” “Seeking” Unemployment has become a basic cause of unemployment in urban areas In recent years, some industries and occupations in China’s cities generally have difficulty recruiting workers. This type of recruitment is not only difficult to coexist with enterprises but also redundant personnel. With the simultaneous unemployment of over 2 million young people in cities and towns, this peculiar phenomenon can not but cause people to think deeply. Obviously, the unemployment of these young people can not be explained by the oversupply of labor force and the lack of employment opportunities. The existence of recruitment difficulties means that the employment opportunities have not yet been fully filled up. This part of unemployment can not be justified by structural unemployment. Because the recruitment of hard industries and occupations on the various qualifications of workers is not high, most of the unemployed meet the conditions of such recruitment does not exist the quality of unemployed and recruitment difficulties of labor units do not meet the requirements of the problem. In the face of this predicament, the only reasonable assumption is that such unemployment belongs to “voluntary unemployment” and “seeking sexual unemployment.” “Voluntary unemployment” refers to the unemployment caused by laborers rejecting the hourly wage rate of certain industries or occupations. “Seeking sexual unemployment” refers to the failure of laborers to give up other employment opportunities in search of the ideal job