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本文在对部分工业化国家(例如,澳大利亚、英国、美国和德国)工资差距扩大现象进行实际描述的基础上,讨论了有关劳动供给结构的变化和教育回报的变化对于扩大工资差距的效应。然后,本文选择了一个两部门或多部门的理论思路来对工资差距的扩大作出解释,并围绕实证考察与经济文献中经典理论所做的解释二者之间的矛盾进行了深入的探讨。在本文的结束语部分,给出了有关拥有高低技能的劳动力之间替代关系以及有关政府推行促进人力资本投资政策的结论。
This paper discusses the effects of changes in labor supply structure and changes in education returns on the expansion of the wage gap based on a practical description of the expansion of wage gaps in some industrialized countries (eg, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany). Then, this article chooses a two- or multi-sectoral theory to explain the expansion of the wage gap, and conducts in-depth discussions on the contradiction between the empirical study and the interpretation of classical theories in the economic literature. In the concluding section of this article, we give the conclusions about the alternative relationship between laborers with high and low skills and the government’s policy to promote human capital investment.